सबसे पहले एक simple बात समझें:
Voice tense नहीं है। Voice focus बदलता है।
Active voice में focus होता है — who does the action.
Passive voice में focus होता है — action किस पर हुआ.
Example:
Active:
Ram wrote the letter.
Passive:
The letter was written by Ram.
Action same है। Meaning same है।
लेकिन attention shift हो गया।
1. Active Voice – Basic Structure
Subject + Verb + Object
She cleaned the room.
They built the bridge.
The teacher explained the lesson.
यह natural, direct, और simple structure है।
Daily conversation में mostly active voice use होता है।
2. Passive Voice – Basic Structure
Object + form of “be” + V3 + (by + subject)
The room was cleaned.
The bridge was built.
The lesson was explained.
ध्यान दें:
Verb हमेशा V3 (past participle) में जाता है।
3. Passive Voice कब Use करें?
Passive voice random use करने की चीज़ नहीं है। Specific situations में useful है।
- जब doer unknown हो
My phone was stolen.
(किसने चुराया, पता नहीं) - जब doer important नहीं हो
The road was repaired. - जब action पर focus चाहिए (formal writing, reports)
The experiment was conducted in 2023.
Scientific writing में passive common है क्योंकि focus researcher पर नहीं, result पर होता है।
4. Tense Change in Passive
Voice बदलते समय tense नहीं बदलता, सिर्फ structure बदलता है।
Present Simple:
Active:
She writes a letter.
Passive:
A letter is written by her.
Past Simple:
Active:
She wrote a letter.
Passive:
A letter was written by her.
Present Continuous:
Active:
She is writing a letter.
Passive:
A letter is being written by her.
Present Perfect:
Active:
She has written a letter.
Passive:
A letter has been written by her.
Pattern observe करें:
Passive = be + V3
Continuous में “being” आता है
Perfect में “been” आता है
5. Common Hindi Speaker Errors
- Wrong verb form
The work was finisheded ❌
Correct: finished ✔
- Missing “be” verb
The work completed ❌
Correct: The work was completed ✔
- Overuse of passive
Passive unnecessary use करने से sentence heavy और unnatural लगता है।
Example:
The match was won by us ❌ (daily speech में awkward)
We won the match ✔ (natural)
6. Imperative Sentences in Passive
Close the door.
Passive form:
Let the door be closed.
यह mostly formal context में use होता है।
7. No Object = No Passive
अगर sentence में object नहीं है, तो passive नहीं बना सकते।
He sleeps.
(कोई object नहीं → passive possible नहीं)
Hindi speakers यहाँ गलती करते हैं क्योंकि Hindi structure flexible है।
Deep Understanding
Voice grammar trick नहीं है।
Voice attention control है।
Active = actor important
Passive = action/result important
Professional writing में passive useful है।
Conversation में active better है।
एक mature learner दोनों forms समझता है और context के हिसाब से choose करता है।
Language control वहीं से शुरू होता है — जब आप decide करते हैं कि reader का focus कहाँ जाए।
अगला logical topic होगा: Conditionals — क्योंकि वहाँ language reality, possibility और imagination के बीच खेलती है। वहीं grammar interesting होती है।